EE122

Table of contents

1 The Internet

3.1 Typical Installation
3.2 History of Ethernet
- 3.2.1 Aloha Network
- 3.2.2 Cable Ethernet
- 3.2.3 Hub Ethernet
- 3.2.4 Switched Ethernet
3.3 Addresses
3.4 Frame
3.5 Physical Layer
3.6 Switched Ethernet
- 3.6.1 Example
- 3.6.2 Learning
- 3.6.3 Spanning Tree Protocol
3.7 Aloha
- 3.7.1 Time-slotted Version
3.8 Non-slotted Aloha
3.9 Hub Ethernet
- 3.9.1 Maximum Collision Detection Time
3.10 Appendix: Probability
- 3.10.1 Probability
- 3.10.2 Additivity for Exclusive Events
- 3.10.3 Independent Events
- 3.10.4 Slotted Aloha
- 3.10.5 Non-slotted Aloha
- 3.10.6 Waiting for Success
- 3.10.7 Hub Ethernet
3.11 Summary
3.12 Problems
3.13 References

4.1 Basic Operations
4.2 Medium Access Control (MAC)
- 4.2.1 MAC Protocol
- 4.2.2 Enhancements for Medium Access
- 4.2.3 MAC Addresses
4.3 Physical Layer
4.4 Efficiency Analysis of MAC Protocol
- 4.4.1 Single Device
- 4.4.2 Multiple Devices
4.5 Recent Advances
- 4.5.1 IEEE 802.11n—Introduction of MIMO in WiFi
- 4.5.2 IEEE 802.11ad—WiFi in Millimeter Wave Spectrum
- 4.5.3 IEEE 802.11ac—Introduction of MU-MIMO in WiFi
- 4.5.4 IEEE 802.11ah—WiFi for IoT and M2M
- 4.5.5 Peer-to-peer WiFi
4.6 Appendix: Markov Chains
4.7 Summary
4.8 Problems
4.9 References

5.1 Domains and Two-level Routing
- 5.1.1 Scalability
- 5.1.2 Transit and Peering
5.2 Inter-domain Routing
- 5.2.1 Path Vector Algorithm
- 5.2.2 Possible Oscillations
- 5.2.3 Multi-exit Discriminators
5.3 Intra-domain Shortest Path Routing
- 5.3.1 Dijkstra’s Algorithm and Link State
- 5.3.2 Bellman-ford and Distance Vector
5.4 Anycast, Multicast
- 5.4.1 Anycast
- 5.4.2 Multicast
- 5.4.3 Forward Error Correction
- 5.4.4 Network Coding
5.5 Ad Hoc Networks
- 5.5.1 AODV
- 5.5.2 OLSR
- 5.5.3 Ant Routing
- 5.5.4 Geographic Routing
- 5.5.5 Backpressure Routing
5.6 Summary
5.7 Problems
5.8 References

6.1 Objective
6.2 Basic Components: Subnet, Gateway, ARP
- 6.2.1 Addresses and Subnets
- 6.2.2 Gateway
- 6.2.3 DNS Server
- 6.2.4 ARP
- 6.2.5 Configuration
6.3 Examples
- 6.3.1 Same Subnet
- 6.3.2 Different Subnets
- 6.3.3 Finding IP Addresses
- 6.3.4 Fragmentation
6.4 DHCP
6.5 NAT
6.6 Summary
6.7 Problems
6.8 References

7.1 Transport Services
7.2 Transport Header
7.3 TCP States
7.4 Error Control
- 7.4.1 Stop-and-wait
- 7.4.2 Go Back N
- 7.4.3 Selective Acknowledgments
- 7.4.4 Timers
7.5 Congestion Control
- 7.5.1 AIMD
- 7.5.2 Refinements: Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery
- 7.5.3 Adjusting the Rate
- 7.5.4 TCP Window Size
- 7.5.5 Terminology
7.6 Flow Control
7.7 Alternative Congestion Control Schemes
7.8 Summary
7.9 Problems
7.10 References

8.1 Graphs
- 8.1.1 Max-flow, Min-cut
- 8.1.2 Coloring and MAC Protocols
8.2 Queues
- 8.2.1 M/M/1 Queue
- 8.2.2 Jackson Networks
- 8.2.3 Queuing vs. Communication Networks
8.3 The Role of Layers
8.4 Congestion Control
- 8.4.1 Fairness vs. Throughput
- 8.4.2 Distributed Congestion Control
- 8.4.3 TCP Revisited
8.5 Dynamic Routing and Congestion Control
8.6 Wireless
8.7 Appendix: Justification for Primal-dual Theorem
8.8 Summary
8.9 Problems
8.10 References

9.1 Cellular Network
9.2 Technology Evolution
9.3 Key Aspects of LTE
- 9.3.1 LTE System Architecture
- .3.2 Physical Layer
- 9.3.3 QoS Support
- 9.3.4 Scheduler
9.4 LTE-advanced
- 9.4.1 Carrier Aggregation
- 9.4.2 Enhanced MIMO Support
- 9.4.3 Relay Nodes (RNs)
- 9.4.4 Coordinated Multi Point Operation (CoMP)
9.5 5G
9.6 Summary
9.7 Problems
9.8 References

11.1 How to Transport Bits?
11.2 Link Characteristics
11.3 Wired and Wireless Links
- 11.3.1 Modulation Schemes: BPSK, QPSK, QAM
- 11.3.2 Inter-cell Interference and OFDM
11.4 Optical Links
- 11.4.1 Operation of Fiber
- 11.4.2 OOK Modulation
- 11.4.3 Wavelength Division Multiplexing
- 11.4.4 Optical Switching
- 11.4.5 Passive Optical Network
11.5 Summary
11.6

12.1 Switches
- 12.1.1 Modular Switches
- 12.1.2 Switched Crossbars
12.2 Overlay Networks
- 12.2.1 Applications: CDN and P2P
- 12.2.2 Routing in Overlay Networks
12.3 How Popular P2P Protocols Work
- 12.3.1 1st Generation: Server-client Based
- 12.3.2 2nd Generation: Centralized Directory Based
- 12.3.3 3rd Generation: Purely Distributed
- 12.3.4 Advent of Hierarchical Overlay—Super Nodes
- 12.3.5 Advanced Distributed File Sharing: BitTorrent
12.4 Sensor Networks
- 12.4.1 Design Issues
12.5 Distributed Applications
- 12.5.1 Bellman-Ford Routing Algorithm
- 12.5.2 Power Adjustment
12.6 Byzantine Agreement
- 12.6.1 Agreeing over an Unreliable Channel
- 12.6.2 Consensus in the Presence of Adversaries
12.7 Source Compression
12.8 SDN and NFV
- .8.1 SDN Architecture
- 12.8.2 New Services Enabled by SDN
- 12.8.3 Knowledge-defined Networking
- 12.8.4 Management Framework for NFV
12.9 Internet of Things (IoT)
- 12.9.1 Remote Computing and Storage Paradigms
12.10 Summary
12.11 Problems
12.12 References