EE123

Table of contents

1. 1 The Internet
2. 2 Principles
3. 3 Ethernet
4. 4 WiFi
5. 5 Routing
6. 6 Internetworking
7. 7 Transport
8. 8 Models
9. 9 LTE
10. 10 QOS
11. 11 Physical Layer
12. 12 Additional Topics
13. Bibliography
14. Authors’ Biographies
15. Bibliography

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1 The Internet

• 1.1 Basic Operations
  • 1.1.1 Hosts, Routers, Links
  • 1.1.2 Packet Switching
  • 1.1.3 Addressing
  • 1.1.4 Routing
  • 1.1.5 Error Detection
  • 1.1.6 Retransmission of Erroneous Packets
  • 1.1.7 Congestion Control
  • 1.1.8 Flow Control
• 1.2 DNS, HTTP, and WWW
  • 1.2.1 DNS
  • 1.2.2 HTTP and WWW
• 1.3 Summary
• 1.4 Problems
• 1.5 References

2 Principles

• 2.1 Sharing
• 2.2 Metrics
  • 2.2.1 Link Rate
  • 2.2.2 Link Bandwidth and Capacity
  • 2.2.3 Delay
  • 2.2.4 Throughput
  • 2.2.5 Delay Jitter
  • 2.2.6 M/M/1 Queue
  • 2.2.7 Little’s Result
  • 2.2.8 Fairness
• 2.3 Scalability
  • 2.3.1 Location-based Addressing
  • 2.3.2 Two-level Routing
  • 2.3.3 Best Effort Service
  • 2.3.4 End-to-end Principle and Stateless Routers
  • 2.3.5 Hierarchical Naming
• 2.4 Application and Technology Independence
  • 2.4.1 Layers
• 2.5 Application Topology
  • 2.5.1 Client/Server
  • 2.5.2 P2P
  • 2.5.3 Cloud Computing
  • 2.5.4 Content Distribution
  • 2.5.5 Multicast/Anycast
  • 2.5.6 Push/Pull
  • 2.5.7 Discovery
• 2.6 Summary
• 2.7 Problems
• 2.8 References

3 Ethernet

• 3.1 Typical Installation
• 3.2 History of Ethernet
  • 3.2.1 Aloha Network
  • 3.2.2 Cable Ethernet
  • 3.2.3 Hub Ethernet
  • 3.2.4 Switched Ethernet
• 3.3 Addresses
• 3.4 Frame
• 3.5 Physical Layer
• 3.6 Switched Ethernet
  • 3.6.1 Example
  • 3.6.2 Learning
  • 3.6.3 Spanning Tree Protocol
• 3.7 Aloha
  • 3.7.1 Time-slotted Version
• 3.8 Non-slotted Aloha
• 3.9 Hub Ethernet
  • 3.9.1 Maximum Collision Detection Time
• 3.10 Appendix: Probability
  • 3.10.1 Probability
  • 3.10.2 Additivity for Exclusive Events
  • 3.10.3 Independent Events
  • 3.10.4 Slotted Aloha
  • 3.10.5 Non-slotted Aloha
  • 3.10.6 Waiting for Success
  • 3.10.7 Hub Ethernet
• 3.11 Summary
• 3.12 Problems
• 3.13 References

4 WiFi

• 4.1 Basic Operations
• 4.2 Medium Access Control (MAC)
  • 4.2.1 MAC Protocol
  • 4.2.2 Enhancements for Medium Access
  • 4.2.3 MAC Addresses
• 4.3 Physical Layer
• 4.4 Efficiency Analysis of MAC Protocol
  • 4.4.1 Single Device
  • 4.4.2 Multiple Devices
• 4.5 Recent Advances
  • 4.5.1 IEEE 802.11n—Introduction of MIMO in WiFi
  • 4.5.2 IEEE 802.11ad—WiFi in Millimeter Wave Spectrum
  • 4.5.3 IEEE 802.11ac—Introduction of MU-MIMO in WiFi
  • 4.5.4 IEEE 802.11ah—WiFi for IoT and M2M
  • 4.5.5 Peer-to-peer WiFi
• 4.6 Appendix: Markov Chains
• 4.7 Summary
• 4.8 Problems
• 4.9 References

5 Routing

• 5.1 Domains and Two-level Routing
  • 5.1.1 Scalability
  • 5.1.2 Transit and Peering
• 5.2 Inter-domain Routing
  • 5.2.1 Path Vector Algorithm
  • 5.2.2 Possible Oscillations
  • 5.2.3 Multi-exit Discriminators
• 5.3 Intra-domain Shortest Path Routing
  • 5.3.1 Dijkstra’s Algorithm and Link State
  • 5.3.2 Bellman-ford and Distance Vector
• 5.4 Anycast, Multicast
  • 5.4.1 Anycast
  • 5.4.2 Multicast
  • 5.4.3 Forward Error Correction
  • 5.4.4 Network Coding
• 5.5 Ad Hoc Networks
  • 5.5.1 AODV
  • 5.5.2 OLSR
  • 5.5.3 Ant Routing
  • 5.5.4 Geographic Routing
  • 5.5.5 Backpressure Routing
• 5.6 Summary
• 5.7 Problems
• 5.8 References

6 Internetworking

• 6.1 Objective
• 6.2 Basic Components: Subnet, Gateway, ARP
  • 6.2.1 Addresses and Subnets
  • 6.2.2 Gateway
  • 6.2.3 DNS Server
  • 6.2.4 ARP
  • 6.2.5 Configuration
• 6.3 Examples
  • 6.3.1 Same Subnet
  • 6.3.2 Different Subnets
  • 6.3.3 Finding IP Addresses
  • 6.3.4 Fragmentation
• 6.4 DHCP
• 6.5 NAT
• 6.6 Summary
• 6.7 Problems
• 6.8 References

7 Transport

• 7.1 Transport Services
• 7.2 Transport Header
• 7.3 TCP States
• 7.4 Error Control
  • 7.4.1 Stop-and-wait
  • 7.4.2 Go Back N
  • 7.4.3 Selective Acknowledgments
  • 7.4.4 Timers
• 7.5 Congestion Control
  • 7.5.1 AIMD
  • 7.5.2 Refinements: Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery
  • 7.5.3 Adjusting the Rate
  • 7.5.4 TCP Window Size
  • 7.5.5 Terminology
• 7.6 Flow Control
• 7.7 Alternative Congestion Control Schemes
• 7.8 Summary
• 7.9 Problems
• 7.10 References

8 Models

• 8.1 Graphs
  • 8.1.1 Max-flow, Min-cut
  • 8.1.2 Coloring and MAC Protocols
• 8.2 Queues
  • 8.2.1 M/M/1 Queue
  • 8.2.2 Jackson Networks
  • 8.2.3 Queuing vs. Communication Networks
• 8.3 The Role of Layers
• 8.4 Congestion Control
  • 8.4.1 Fairness vs. Throughput
  • 8.4.2 Distributed Congestion Control
  • 8.4.3 TCP Revisited
• 8.5 Dynamic Routing and Congestion Control
• 8.6 Wireless
• 8.7 Appendix: Justification for Primal-dual Theorem
• 8.8 Summary
• 8.9 Problems
• 8.10 References

9 LTE

• 9.1 Cellular Network
• 9.2 Technology Evolution
• 9.3 Key Aspects of LTE
  • 9.3.1 LTE System Architecture
  • 9.3.2 Physical Layer
  • 9.3.3 QoS Support
  • 9.3.4 Scheduler
• 9.4 LTE-advanced
  • 9.4.1 Carrier Aggregation
  • 9.4.2 Enhanced MIMO Support
  • 9.4.3 Relay Nodes (RNs)
  • 9.4.4 Coordinated Multi Point Operation (CoMP)
• 9.5 5G
• 9.6 Summary
• 9.7 Problems
• 9.8 References

10 QOS

• 10.1 Overview
• 10.2 Traffic Shaping
  • 10.2.1 Leaky Buckets
  • 10.2.2 Delay Bounds
• 10.3 Scheduling
  • 10.3.1 GPS
  • 10.3.2 WFQ
• 10.4 Regulated Flows and WFQ
• 10.5 End-to-end QoS
• 10.6 End-to-End Admission Control
• 10.7 Net Neutrality
• 10.8 Summary
• 10.9 Problems
• 10.10 References

11 Physical Layer

• 11.1 How to Transport Bits?
• 11.2 Link Characteristics
• 11.3 Wired and Wireless Links
  • 11.3.1 Modulation Schemes: BPSK, QPSK, QAM
  • 11.3.2 Inter-cell Interference and OFDM
• 11.4 Optical Links
  • 11.4.1 Operation of Fiber
  • 11.4.2 OOK Modulation
  • 11.4.3 Wavelength Division Multiplexing
  • 11.4.4 Optical Switching
  • 11.4.5 Passive Optical Network
• 11.5 Summary
• 11.6 References

12 Additional Topics

• 12.1 Switches
  • 12.1.1 Modular Switches
  • 12.1.2 Switched Crossbars
• 12.2 Overlay Networks
  • 12.2.1 Applications: CDN and P2P
  • 12.2.2 Routing in Overlay Networks
• 12.3 How Popular P2P Protocols Work
  • 12.3.1 1st Generation: Server-client Based
  • 12.3.2 2nd Generation: Centralized Directory Based
  • 12.3.3 3rd Generation: Purely Distributed
  • 12.3.4 Advent of Hierarchical Overlay—Super Nodes
  • 12.3.5 Advanced Distributed File Sharing: BitTorrent
• 12.4 Sensor Networks
  • 12.4.1 Design Issues
• 12.5 Distributed Applications
  • 12.5.1 Bellman-Ford Routing Algorithm
  • 12.5.2 Power Adjustment
• 12.6 Byzantine Agreement
  • 12.6.1 Agreeing over an Unreliable Channel
  • 12.6.2 Consensus in the Presence of Adversaries
• 12.7 Source Compression
• 12.8 SDN and NFV
  • 12.8.1 SDN Architecture
  • 12.8.2 New Services Enabled by SDN
  • 12.8.3 Knowledge-defined Networking
  • 12.8.4 Management Framework for NFV
• 12.9 Internet of Things (IoT)
  • 12.9.1 Remote Computing and Storage Paradigms
• 12.10 Summary
• 12.11 Problems
• 12.12 References

Bibliography

Authors’ Biographies

Bibliography